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` (Model.) Y 2 Sheets-Sheetl J. LIVINGSTONE 8v J. WRIGHT.

`HUT WATER AND STEAM BOILER.

Patented Nov. 29,1881.

f/Wa/z (Model.) zsneens-sneetz.

- J. LIVINGSTONE & J. WRIGHT.

f HOT WATER AND STEAM BUTLER.

No. 250,087. Patented Nov. 29,1881.

nUNITED STATES PATENT OEEICE.

JAMES LIVINGSTONE AND JOSEPH WRIGHT, OF TORONTO, ONTARIO, CANADA.

HOT-WATER AND STEAM BOILER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 250,087, dated November29, 1881.

Application filed December 6, 1880. (Model.) Patented in Canada July2E), 1870.

To all 'whom it may concern Be it known that we, J AuEs LIvINGsroNE,pattern-maker, and JOSEPH WRIGHT, steamtter, both of the city ofToronto, in the county of York, in the Province of Ontario, Canada, havejointly invented certain new and useful ImprovementsinSelf-FeedingGircnlatingHot- Water and Steam Boilers; and we do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same.

A Canadian patent of applicants for this invention is dated July 29, 1879, No. 10,310, and is-extended for a second period of ve years, underNo. 11,981, from the 29th day of July, 1884, and is further .extendedfor a third period of tive years, under No. 11,982, from the 29th day ofJuly, 1889.

Our invention relates more particularly to improvements in self-feedingcirculating hotwater and steam boilers for heating public houses andprivate residences; and our improvement consistsin certain novelties ofconstruction, hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 and 2 are cross-sections on thelines a a and b b, respectively, of Fig. 4. Figs. 3 and 4 are plan viewson the lines o c, d d, respectively, ot' Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a top view,with portion of cover removed; Fig. 6, a general elevation,with aportion of the outer casing removed; and Fig. 7 is a detail, in verticalsection, showing parts of the adjacent sections A2 and A3 through one ofthe ports J, which forms the water-communication between these adjacentsections, similarports, J, forming similar connections between the othersections.

A is the boiler,constructed preferably in a cylindrical form, andconsisting ot' a number of independent hollow sections, A' A2 A3 A4 A5,placed one on top of the other and bolted together at the joints to'forma single struct ure forming the water-boiler.

In the center of the lower section, A', which is not a water-section, anash-pit is formed by the upwardly-projecting rib B, which rib alsosupports the grate C and grate-rin g and de nes the size of thefire-chamber D.

Between the rib B and the outside wall of the lower section, A', a flue,E, is provided to y convey the smoke and products of combustion from thereturn-nues ofthe boiler to the smokepipe F.

The lower section, A', is provided with a door, a, communicating with apassage leading to the ash-pit, and doors e e, for cleaning the ilue E.

The fire-chamber D is formed by providing a central opening of suficientdiameter in the next succeeding sections, A2 A3, which sections,together with the sections A4 A5, placed above, are water-sections, andare constructed with a number of ues, G G', through which the smoke andheated products of combustion pass before they escape into the flue E,as hereinafter explained.

In the next succeeding sections above the lire-chamber sections thediameter of the central opening is contracted to a sutticient size toform a coal-reservoir, H, from which the coal l is fed down into thefire-chamber.

The contraction of the central opening in the sections above thetire-chamber causes them to project considerably over the fire-cham ber,and affords the opportunity for the construction of fiues G therein,which convey the smoke and heated products of combustion upward to thechamber I. This chamber lis formed between` the two upper sections, A4A5, and is provided for the purpose of changing the direction of theheated currents, as (indicated by arrows, and connects the uptake-linesG with the downtake-ues G', which lead to the lower flue, E, and thenceto the chimney.

The llues G in each section are placed to correspond with each other,and form, when the sections are bolted together, continuous lues, whichsubdivide the body of water in the sections and expose alarge area ofheating-surface in addition to the heating-surface exposed to the directaction of the tire. Eachl of the water-sections is provided withWater-ports J, the positions of which on the top and bottom sides ofeach section correspond, in order that the water may circulate upwardfrom the different sections to the hot-water outlets N N N, of whichthree(more or less) may be provided. K is the inlet-pipe connecting withthe lower water-section, andN N N are the outlet-pipes cona necting withthe upper section. At the points where the several water-ports of thedifferent sections come together water and steam tight joints are madewith rubber, putty, or in any suitable manner, and the sections arestrongly bound together bythe bolts c2 and lugs a3. The remainder of thejoint between the sections is stopped with putty, lire-clay, or othercement to prevent the escape of the smoke or gases through the same. v

The upper section, Af", is made concave on its lower face to form thechamber I, and is provided with flues G3, corresponding in position tothe ues in the lower sections.

It will be observed, on examination of the drawings of thesewater-sections, that the water-spaces are shown by broken horizontallines, and are marked w, and occupy all the space in these sections,except what is required for the flues. The water-spaces and flues areformed in the process of casting these sections in the foundry, whichavoids the expenseof putting in wrought-iron tubes, which is generallydone in other boilers of this class. We put in wrought-iron tubes, it'required.'

In connection with chamber I a draft-pipe, M, with damper O is provided,which forms a communication between the aforesaid chamber I and thesmoke-pipe F, so that in lighting the re a direct draft is obtained byopening the damper O, which will be more active from avoiding thedescent in the' return-lines G', and which will be found serviceablefrom time to time in the usual working ofthe boiler.

In the practical construction ot' our boiler we proportion the sectionsso as to permit of all the water-spaces and flues being properly spacedoff, so that they can without difficulty be taken out with a core in thecasting of the samein the foundry. When we use wroughtiron shells we putin tubes with an expanding mandrel.

Referring especially tothe flues G3, it will be observed that theproducts of combustion do not pass through these ilues, which products,4

on reaching the chamberI, are drawn down the return-lines G' to the flueE and thence to the smoke-pipe, by which they are conveyed to theatmosphere. The outlet of these ues G3 is stopped by the sectional topplate, L, to prevent the upward escape of the smoke therefrom. Theplates L are made detachable, in order that a hue-clearer may beinserted into the flues to clean them, when required.

It will be observed that the upper watersection is made shallower thanthe remaining sections, and that the outlet-pipes N N N connect withthis section. The object of this construction is to reduce and subdividethe body of lwater immediately before it passes from the boiler, inorder that the heat maybe applied with the greatest eifect. The water isfirst received into the boiler through the inlet-pipe K in the lowestwater-section, and rises from it through the ports J into the nextwater-section. When this section is full it rises into the next sectionthrough similar water-ports, J, and so on. When heated the water becomeslighter and rises up out ofthe boiler, passing through the outlet-pipesN. rlhe water being now in the pipes connecting the boiler with theranges of pipes in the building, it circulates through them, followingtheir curves and bends, and getting colder in passing through thesepipes, some of them at a great distance from the boiler. It descends byother pipes joining the pipe K, and again enters the boiler, having madea complete circuit through the building. It is again in the boilerreheated and makes another similar circuit, and so on. The boiler,however, can be used for steamheating 5 lout it is not necessary todescribe the mode of operation for steam, as it would be but arepetition. But little water is used in the hot-water system of heating,because little is wasted, the same water being used over and over again,and when any more is wanted it is fed through the pipe K by pressure vorgravitation.

rlhe construction and operation are simple, and ordinary domestics ofthe household can manage it readily.

Instead of the two rows of iiues G andthe two rows G', we may use onerow ot' larger dues in place of Gand one row of larger ones in place ofG'.

The action of our device may be described thus: Water is supplied bygravitation or otherwise to the boiler, and enters therein through thepipe K in the lowest water-section, A2, and on becoming heated loses itsdensity, and rises into the other water-sections, A3 A4 A5, through thewater-ports J, and, continuing to rise, it leaves the boiler through4the pipes N N in uppermost water-section and circulates through thevarious ranges of pipes in the building, giving out heat through theSaid pipes and warming the various apartments thereof, and whilecirculating through these pipes decreases temperature and increases indensity, and descends by other IOO IIO

ranges of pipes connecting with the inlet-pipe v K, by which itre-enters the water-section A2, is again heated, rises and circulates,and, warming the apartments of the building, again descends to theboiler, and so on continuously, as required.

We claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. Thecombination, with'the lower watersections provided with the iiues G G',of the top water-section, A5, said section being recessed on its underside to form the chamber I, and provided with, flues G3, as and for thepurpose set forth.

2. The combination, with a water and steam boiler, A, built up insections having communicating water-ports JJ J, of the inlet-pipe K, andoutlet-pipes N N N, arranged and operating substantially as described,and for the purpose set forth.

3. rIhe combination, with the upper section,

IIS

A5, provided with ues G3, corresponding to D, substantially as shown anddescribed, and the fines in the lower sections, ofthe sectional for thepurposes set forth. plate L, substantially as and for the purposeSpecified i JAMES 'LIVINGsToNn 5 4. In combination with t-he lowersection, JOSEPH WRIGHT' A', the second section,A2, the third section, lWitnesses:

A3, the fourth section, A4,and the top section, WILLIAM GILL, A5, thecoal-reservoir H, and the rechamber W. GRAY.

